Can industrial labels carry barcodes, QR codes and sequential numbering?

Yes. Variable data is normally applied by thermal transfer with a resin ribbon, either at the converter or on an industrial printer on site, which handles barcode labels, QR codes, inventory labels and sequential numbering for traceability. The constraint is contrast and finish rather than the data: a matte white topcoat gives the most reliable scan, and a gloss laminate over a barcode can cause read failures under some scanner geometries.